An Experimental Test of the Capacity of Food Web Interactions (Fish–Epiphytes–Seagrasses) to Offset the Negative Consequences of Eutrophication on Seagrass Communities     

E. Gacia  M. M. Littler  D. S. Littler   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1999,48(6):757

A mechanism of competition between epiphytes and seagrasses potentially modulated by grazers was studied in a high-nutrient Thalassia testudinum meadow in the Indian River Lagoon (Florida, U.S.A.). The effects of fish grazing on epiphytes, and likely enhancing T. testudinum growth, was tested through an exclusion experiment. Twelve (2×2m) independent experimental plots were selected within a shallow monospecific bed to which three randomized treatments (exclusion fences, open fences and controls) with four replicates each were assigned. The epiphyte load was monitored on T. testudinum leaves inside the plots from January 1995 to March 1996. Treatment effects occurred during a chlorophyte bloom in March 1995, when the epiphyte biomass was significantly higher inside the exclusion cages than in either of the controls. The composition of the epiphytic community in March 1995 was dominated by sheet-like Enteromorpha and filamentous algae such as Cladophora , which are less resistant to herbivory than the coarsely-branched forms of red algae (e.g. Hypnea , Chondria and Acanthophora) that bloomed subsequently. These results suggest that herbivory change seasonally depending on the availability of different prey species to fish-grazers, which preferentially utilize the fleshy green algae typical of bloom conditions over the thicker coarsely-branched red algae. In the nutrient-rich lagoon the role of top-down interactions in enhancing T. testudinum growth is limited to the reduction of shading by green macroalgae.  相似文献   

INTERSTATE HIGHWAY EXIT MORPHOLOGY: NON-METROPOLITAN EXIT COMMERCE ON 1-75*     

Darrell A. Norris 《The Professional geographer》1987,39(1):23-32

The commercial non-metropolitan exit clusters of America's interstate highway system exhibit regularities of basic form, scale, mix of services provided, and the ordinal placement of establishments relative to the exit proper. An examination of 354 exits serving 1-75 indicates the typical morphology of interstate exit clusters.  相似文献   

建筑点群在城市3维形态量化中的应用     

张姗琪  ;葛珊珊 《测绘软科学研究》2009,(2):83-87

利用将建筑实体进行高度抽象，提出了建筑点群，以GIS的空间分析理论为依据，通过实体高度、起伏度、空间聚集度三个指标对城市的3维形态进行量化与分析。选取南京市主城区为实验样区，提取该区域的建筑点群，用三个指标对实验样区内3维形态的空间分布格局和时间发展特点进行定量分析与描述。实验结果证明，这三个指标从不同角度分析了建筑实体在区域内的组合方式，能够在一定程度上反映城市3维形态的基本特征，有助于对城市空间分布格局及城市历史演变过程的研究。  相似文献   

基于改进形态学运算的图像去噪自适应算法研究     

许致火  何建新  朱幼莲 《成都信息工程学院学报》2009,24(1)

形态学的腐蚀和膨胀两种基本运算固有特征,使其在去除图像噪声的同时,造成图像信息严重丢失.针对这种现象,首先把传统腐蚀膨胀的极值运算改进为中值运算;其次对结构元素进行改进和优化,定义单位结构元素,利用数学方法推导找到零方阵的单位结构元素;最后在这些研究工作的基础上提出一种新的自适应图像去噪算法.对比实验表明:新方法比传统形态学和中值滤波算法在低信噪比环境下具有明显优势,因此在图像去噪中具有广泛的应用前景.  相似文献   

Late glacial fans in the eastern Skagerrak; depositional environment interpreted from swath bathymetry and seismostratigraphy     

Oddvar Longva  Heidi A. Olsen  David J.W. Piper  Leif Rise  Terje Thorsnes 《Marine Geology》2008,251(1-2):110-123

The origin of acoustically transparent fan deposits overlying glacial till and ice-proximal sediments on the southern margin of the Norwegian Channel has been studied using high-resolution seismic-reflection profiles and multibeam bathymetry. The first deposits overlying glacigenic sediments are a series of stacked, acoustically transparent submarine fans. The lack of glaciomarine sediments below and between individual fans indicates that deposition was rapid and immediately followed the break up of the Late Weichselian ice cover. The fans are overlain by stratified glaciomarine sediments and Holocene mud. Because of the uniformity of this drape, the upper surface of the fan deposits is mimicked at the present seafloor, and the bathymetric images clearly show the spatial relationship of the fans to bedrock ridges and the presence of braided channel-levee systems on the surface of the youngest fans. The acoustically transparent character of the fan deposits indicates that they comprise silt and clay, and their lobate form and lack of internal stratification indicates that they were deposited by debris flows. The channel-levee morphology indicates deposition from more watery hyperconcentrated fluid flows. The fan sediments were either derived from 1) erosion of Mid Weichselian lake deposits in southern Skagerrak or 2) from Late glacial ice-margin lake deposits, ponded against the Norwegian Channel ice stream, which collapsed catastrophically when the lateral support was removed as the ice disintegrated. Fans composed almost exclusively of fine-grained sediment need not, therefore, rule out an origin in a deglacial setting relatively close to the former margins of glaciers and ice sheets.  相似文献   

Study on Effects of Building Morphology on Urban Boundary Layer Using an Urban Canopy Model          下载免费PDF全文

ZHOU Rongwei  JIANG Weimei  HE Xiaofeng  LIU Gang 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(3):338-349

An urban canopy model is incorporated into the Nanjing University Regional Boundary Layer Model. Temperature simulated by the urban canopy model is in better agreement with the observation, especially in the night time, than that simulated by the traditional slab model. The coupled model is used to study the effects of building morphology on urban boundary layer and meteorological environment by changing urban area, building height, and building density. It is found that when the urban area is expanded, the urban boundary layer heat flux, thermal turbu- lence, and the turbulent momentum flux and kinetic energy all increase or enhance, causing the surface air temperature to rise up. The stability of urban atmospheric stratiˉcation is a?ected to diffierent extent at diffierent times of the day. When the building height goes up, the aerodynamic roughness height, zero plane displacement height of urban area, and ratio of building height to street width all increase. Therefore, the increase in building height results in the decrease of the surface heat flux, urban surface temperature, mean wind speed, and turbulent kinetic energy in daytime. While at night, as more heat storage is released by higher buildings,thermal turbulence is more active and surface heat flux increases, leading to a higher urban temperature. As the building density increases, the aerodynamic roughness height of urban area decreases, and the effect of urban canopy on radiation strengthens. The increase of building density results in the decrease in urban surface heat flux, momentum flux, and air temperature, the increase in mean wind speed, and the weakening of turbulence in the daytime. While at night, the urban temperature increases due to the release of more heat storage.  相似文献   

中国近海棱梭群体形态学和耳石形态学研究          下载免费PDF全文

阳敏  刘璐  吴桢  吴天昊  谭颖琪  龙丹丹  高天翔  宋娜 《应用海洋学学报》2019,38(3):329-337

为研究棱梭不同地理群体间的形态差异,使用多元统计分析方法对采集自金门、厦门、虎门、湛江、北海和防城港6个地点邻近海域的棱梭群体样本的形态和矢耳石形态两方面进行比较研究。对棱梭样本的形态研究结合传统形态学和地标形态学开展,对矢耳石的形态研究则将传统耳石形态分析法和椭圆傅里叶分析法相结合,形态和耳石形态数据的分析结果相似。主成分分析结果表明从28个棱梭形态量度指标提取的前8个主成分累积贡献率为65. 868%,从85个耳石形态指标提取的前23个主成分的累积贡献率为79. 290%,根据临界值85. 000%可以推断这6个棱梭群体间形态和耳石形态上的差异不能够单独依靠少数指标来判断;聚类分析的结果总体显示出群体间差异与地理距离等因素相关联的分布规律;在判别分析中形态学量度指标的综合判别正确率为75. 9%,而耳石形态学指标的综合判别正确率略低,为69. 3%;对棱梭形态量度指标的单因子方差分析显示湛江棱梭群体与其他群体在形态上存在显著差异的量度指标较少。栖息地环境、饵料组成和海流等可能是导致形态学差异和耳石形态差异形成的主要因素。另一方面,理化因子的相似性和群体间的交流会减弱群体间形态和耳石形态的差异。  相似文献   

张家界旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响     

麻学锋  杨雪  李志龙 《地理研究》2019,38(8):1965-1978

运用核密度估计法和标准差椭圆分析法,分析张家界旅游企业空间成长特征及演化过程;选取紧凑度指标,结合城镇空间均衡分布椭圆,分析张家界城镇空间形态演化过程;通过比较不同阶段旅游企业椭圆和城镇空间椭圆的重合面积,剖析旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响程度。研究发现：① 张家界旅游企业空间成长过程和特征为：由出现期的“一核多极点”逐渐演变为生成期的“核心-边缘”,最后在发展期形成一个高集聚中心和三个次中心联动的“组团扩展型”格局;② 张家界建成区面积呈现增长态势,城镇空间不断扩展,建成区用地紧凑度逐渐下降;③ 不同阶段,张家界旅游企业空间成长对城镇空间形态的影响程度有一定的差异性,整体呈现出逐渐增强的趋势。研究结论对于重新认识旅游对城镇化建设的作用具有重要的现实意义。  相似文献   

基于多旋翼无人机倾斜摄影测量的沙丘三维形态研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

钱广强  杨转玲  董治宝  田敏 《中国沙漠》2019,39(1):18-25

无人机倾斜摄影技术是近年来发展起来的新型测量方法，具有高效率、高精度、非接触、大范围等优点。本研究采用多旋翼无人机，结合精确测定的地面控制点，实现了对新月形沙丘群三维形态的精确测量。结果表明：无人机倾斜摄影测量的均方根误差小于18 mm，可以满足大比例尺地形测量的要求。利用该技术获取的多种测量参数表明，新月形沙丘二维与三维形态之间存在良好的相关性，基于这些关系，可以实现二维遥感影像量测结果向沙丘高度、沙丘体积等三维参数的转换。沙丘剖面形态可以采用非线性函数精确描述，为沙丘形态精确建模提供了参考。无人机倾斜摄影技术获取的沙丘三维形态参数，对于深入认识沙丘形态动力过程具有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

基于形态分割的高分辨率遥感影像道路提取   总被引：27，自引：1，他引：26  

朱长青  王耀革  马秋禾  史文中 《测绘学报》2004,33(4):347-351

基于灰度形态学,提出一种从高分辨率遥感图像提取道路网络的方法.首先利用灰度形态特征对遥感影像进行分割,进而得到基本的道路网络轮廓.然后在此基础上,利用线段特征匹配方法提取道路网络.提出的方法能适应于从道路和背景区别不很清楚的遥感图像中提取道路.实验结果也表明,本文方法能有效地从遥感影像中提取道路网络.  相似文献